Freifunk:Mesh-VPN Gateway-Server einrichten
Unsere Gateways laufen auf Debian 7 Wheezy. Diese Anleitungen orientieren sich an anderen Freifunk-Communities, aber einen sehr nennenswerten Einfluss hat die geniale Dokumentation von Freifunk Mainz, Wiesbaden und Umgebung (http://gluon-gateway-doku.readthedocs.org/de/latest/) gehabt.
Installation
Größtenteils egal, wichtig ist folgendes: Root bekommt kein Passwort, dadurch wird der Root-Login gesperrt und man muss sudo benutzen. Als zu installierende Paketgruppen nutzen wir Debian-Standardutilities und SSH-Server.
SSH einrichten
- Einloggen:
ssh user@gwX.saar.freifunk.de
mkdir .ssh
echo "dein_ssh_key" > .ssh/authorized_keys
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- Folgende Änderungen vornehmen:
... PermitRootLogin no ... PasswordAuthentication no ...
- Alte Session aktiv lassen, in neuem Terminal versuchen mit Public Key einzuloggen. Wenn nicht erfolgreich debuggen.
sudo service ssh restart
Überflüssige Pakete deinstallieren
Da wir eben etwas großzügig waren mit der Installation von Paketgruppen müssen wir jetzt exim und nfs-Kram deinstallieren:
sudo apt-get remove exim4* nfs-common rpcbind
Als Resultat sollte bei Ausführung von "sudo netstat -tulpn" keine Programme außer sshd und vielleicht dhclient angezeigt werden.
APT Sources hinzufügen
Wir benötigen die Sources für fastd und batman-adv:
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free # fastd deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian wheezy-backports main deb http://repo.universe-factory.net/debian/ sid main # alfred deb http://debian.draic.info/ wheezy main deb-src http://debian.draic.info/ wheezy main
- Schlüssel für repo importieren:
gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key B89033D8
gpg -a --export B89033D8 | apt-key add -
gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 16EF3F64CB201D9C
gpg -a --export 16EF3F64CB201D9C | apt-key add -
Pakete installieren
apt-get update
apt-get install batctl batman-adv-dkms fastd bridge-utils
echo "batman-adv" >> /etc/modules
Netzwerk Grundkonfiguration
Sysctl Einstellungen
- /etc/sysctl.conf
# Freifunk specific settings net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 net.ipv6.conf.all.autoconf = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.autoconf = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth0.autoconf = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth0.accept_ra = 0
- Danach neu laden:
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
Routing Tables erstellen
- /etc/iproute2/rt_tables (bisherige Einstellungen beibehalten und folgende hinzufügen)
# freifunk 32 saar 33 lux 42 icvpn
Netzwerkinterafaces einstellen
- /etc/network/interfaces (andere Interfaces nach der entsprechenden Konfiguration belassen)
# # FREIFUNK SAAR # auto saarBR iface saarBR inet static bridge_ports none bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 address 10.24.192.XXX netmask 255.255.192.0 # be sure all incoming traffic is handled by the appropriate rt_table post-up /sbin/ip rule add iif $IFACE table saar priority 3200 pre-down /sbin/ip rule del iif $IFACE table saar priority 3200 # default route is unreachable post-up /sbin/ip route add unreachable default table saar post-down /sbin/ip route del unreachable default table saar # local reachable subnet saar for rt_table lux post-up /sbin/ip route add 10.24.128.0/18 proto static dev $IFACE table lux post-down /sbin/ip route del 10.24.128.0/18 proto static dev $IFACE table lux iface saarBR inet6 static address fd4e:f2d7:88d2:ffff::XXX netmask 64 # be sure all incoming traffic is handled by the appropriate rt_table post-up /sbin/ip -6 rule add iif $IFACE table saar priority 3200 pre-down /sbin/ip -6 rule del iif $IFACE table saar priority 3200 post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add fe80::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table saar post-down /sbin/ip -6 route del fe80::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table saar post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add fd4e:f2d7:88d2:ffff::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table saar post-down /sbin/ip -6 route del fd4e:f2d7:88d2:ffff::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table saar # ULA route mz for rt_table saar post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add fd4e:f2d7:88d2:fffe::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table lux post-down /sbin/ip -6 route del fd4e:f2d7:88d2:fffe::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table lux allow-hotplug saarMESH iface saarMESH inet6 manual hwaddress ca:fe:ba:be:00:XXX pre-up /sbin/modprobe batman_adv post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m saarBAT if add $IFACE post-up /sbin/ip link set dev saarBAT up allow-hotplug saarBAT iface saarBAT inet6 manual pre-up /sbin/modprobe batman-adv post-up /sbin/brctl addif saarBR $IFACE post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m $IFACE it 10000 post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m $IFACE vm server post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m $IFACE gw server 6mbit/6mbit pre-down /sbin/brctl delif saarBR $IFACE || true # # FREIFUNK LUX # auto luxBR iface luxBR inet static bridge_ports none bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 address 10.24.128.XXX netmask 255.255.192.0 # be sure all incoming traffic is handled by the appropriate rt_table post-up /sbin/ip rule add iif $IFACE table lux priority 3300 pre-down /sbin/ip rule del iif $IFACE table lux priority 3300 # default route is unreachable post-up /sbin/ip route add unreachable default table lux post-down /sbin/ip route del unreachable default table lux # local reachable subnet lux for rt_table saar post-up /sbin/ip route add 10.24.192.0/18 proto static dev $IFACE table saar post-down /sbin/ip route del 10.24.192.0/18 proto static dev $IFACE table saar iface luxBR inet6 static address fd4e:f2d7:88d2:fffe::XXX netmask 64 # be sure all incoming traffic is handled by the appropriate rt_table post-up /sbin/ip -6 rule add iif $IFACE table lux priority 3300 pre-down /sbin/ip -6 rule del iif $IFACE table lux priority 3300 post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add fe80::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table lux post-down /sbin/ip -6 route del fe80::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table lux post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add fd4e:f2d7:88d2:fffe::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table lux post-down /sbin/ip -6 route del fd4e:f2d7:88d2:fffe::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table lux # ULA route saar for rt_table lux post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add fd4e:f2d7:88d2:ffff::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table saar post-down /sbin/ip -6 route del fd4e:f2d7:88d2:ffff::/64 proto static dev $IFACE table saar allow-hotplug luxMESH iface luxMESH inet6 manual hwaddress ca:fe:ba:be:01:XXX pre-up /sbin/modprobe batman_adv post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m luxBAT if add $IFACE post-up /sbin/ip link set dev luxBAT up allow-hotplug luxBAT iface luxBAT inet6 manual pre-up /sbin/modprobe batman-adv post-up /sbin/brctl addif luxBR $IFACE post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m $IFACE it 10000 post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m $IFACE vm server post-up /usr/sbin/batctl -m $IFACE gw server 6mbit/6mbit pre-down /sbin/brctl delif luxBR $IFACE || true
- Jedes Vorkommnis von XXX durch einen entsprechenden Wert aus dem Netzplan ersetzen, im Zweifel TobiT fragen
Helfer-Skripte
Es gibt 2 Helferskripte, die eingerichtet werden müssen. check_gateway.sh prüft minütlich, ob das ExitVPN noch steht. autoupdate_fastd_peers updatet die fastd-peers alle 5 Minuten per git.
check_gateway.sh
- /usr/bin/check_gateway.sh:
root@gw2:/etc/fastd/freifunk-lux# less /usr/bin/check_gateway.sh #!/bin/bash INTERFACE=tun0 # Set to name of VPN interface DHCPSERVICE=dnsmasq # Name of DHCP service BANDWIDTH=XXX # Server bandwidth shopt -s nullglob # Test whether gateway is connected to the outer world via VPN ping -q -I $INTERFACE 8.8.8.8 -c 4 -i 1 -W 5 >/dev/null 2>&1 if test $? -eq 0; then NEW_STATE=server else NEW_STATE=off fi # Iterate through network interfaces in sys file system for MESH in /sys/class/net/*/mesh; do # Check whether gateway modus needs to be changed OLD_STATE="$(cat $MESH/gw_mode)" [ "$OLD_STATE" == "$NEW_STATE" ] && continue echo $NEW_STATE > $MESH/gw_mode echo ${BANDWIDTH}MBit/${BANDWIDTH}MBit > $MESH/gw_bandwidth logger "batman gateway mode changed to $NEW_STATE" # Check whether gateway modus has been deactivated if [ "$NEW_STATE" == "off" ]; then # Shutdown DHCP server to prevent renewal of leases /usr/sbin/service $DHCPSERVICE stop fi # Check whether gateway modus has been activated if [ "$NEW_STATE" == "server" ]; then # Restart DHCP server /usr/sbin/service $DHCPSERVICE start fi exit 0 done if [ "$NEW_STATE" == "server" ]; then /usr/sbin/service $DHCPSERVICE status 2>&1> /dev/null if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] then /usr/sbin/service $DHCPSERVICE restart fi fi if [ "$NEW_STATE" == "off" ]; then /usr/sbin/service $DHCPSERVICE status 2>&1> /dev/null if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] then /usr/sbin/service $DHCPSERVICE stop fi fi
- Ganz oben bei BANDWIDTH die Serverbandbreite in MBit/s einstellen, damit diese ordentlich via Batman announced werden kann.
- Speichern und mit
chmod +x /usr/bin/check_gateway.sh
ausführbar machen
autoupdate_fastd_keys.sh
- /usr/bin/autoupate_fastd_keys.sh:
#!/bin/bash # Simple script to update fastd peers from git upstream # and only send HUP to fastd when changes happend. # CONFIGURE THIS TO YOUR PEER DIRECTORY FASTD_PEERS_ARRAY=( "freifunk-saar" "freifunk-lux") function getCurrentVersion() { # Get hash from latest revision git log --format=format:%H -1 } for FASTD_PEERS in "${FASTD_PEERS_ARRAY[@]}" do cd /etc/fastd/$FASTD_PEERS/peers # Get current version hash GIT_REVISION=$(getCurrentVersion) # Automagically commit local changes # This preserves local changes git commit -m "CRON: auto commit" # Pull latest changes from upstream git fetch git merge origin/master -m "Auto Merge" # Get new version hash GIT_NEW_REVISION=$(getCurrentVersion) if [ $GIT_REVISION != $GIT_NEW_REVISION ] then # Version has changed we need to update echo "Reload fastd peers" kill -HUP $(cat /var/run/fastd.$FASTD_PEERS.pid) fi done
- Auch dieses Skript ausführbar machen:
chmod +x /usr/bin/autoupdate_fastd_keys.sh
Skripte in crontab eintragen
- In
sudo crontab -e
folgende Zeilen anhängen
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/autoupdate_fastd_keys.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * * * * * /usr/bin/check_gateway.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
Fastd-Config
mkdir /etc/fastd/freifunk-{saar,lux}/
- Config-Dateien anlegen und entsprechenden Inhalt reinkopieren: TODO Link zu Config-Repo einfügen
- Secret Keys aus den Repos besorgen und in secret.conf schreiben
- Neuen SSH-Key anlegen, als Deploy Key in die Gitlab-Projekte https://git.hacksaar.de/FreifunkSaar/mesh-vpn-peers und https://git.hacksaar.de/FreifunkSaar/mesh-vpn-peers-lux eintragen.
- Mesh-VPN-Peers-Verzeichnis als "peers" klonen:
git clone git@hacksaar.de:FreifunkSaar/mesh-vpn-peers.git peers
bzwgit clone git@hacksaar.de:FreifunkSaar/mesh-vpn-peers-lux.git peers
jeweils im entsprechende Verzeichnis - Feuer!:
sudo service fastd start
DNS, DHCP und RA-Server
- Installieren:
apt-get install isc-dhcp-server bind9 radvd
Domain Name Server
IPv4 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf: (Komplett ersetzen)
ddns-update-style none; default-lease-time 300; max-lease-time 300; authoritative; log-facility local6; subnet 10.24.192.0 netmask 255.255.192.0 { range 10.24.XXX.0 10.24.XXX+3.255; option routers 10.24.192.ZZZ; option domain-name-servers 10.24.192.2, 10.24.192.3, 10.24.192.4; option domain-search "ffsaar"; option ntp-servers 10.24.192.2, 10.24.192.3, 10.24.192.4; } subnet 10.24.128.0 netmask 255.255.192.0 { range 10.24.YYY.0 10.24.YYY+3.255; option routers 10.24.128.ZZZ; option domain-name-servers 10.24.128.2, 10.24.128.3, 10.24.128.4; option domain-search "fflux"; option ntp-servers 10.24.128.2, 10.24.128.3, 10.24.128.4; }
- XXX, XXX+3, YYY, YYY+3, ZZZ durch richtige Werte ersetzen
- /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server (Zeile INTERFACES ersetzen)
INTERFACES="saarBR luxBR"
- Neu starten:
service isc-dhcp-server restart
IPv6 Router Advertisements
To be continued...
- DNSmasq statt radvd, bind, isc-dhcp-server
- iptables NAT